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Abstract
Transportation is responsible for 21% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This problem is also noticeable in the aviation sector. Most of the harmful substances are produced when fuels are burned in aircraft engines on the ground and at cruising altitudes, i.e., at the boundary between the toposphere and stratosphere. Gases and particles emitted directly at these levels, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), soot and sulfate aerosols, change the chemical composition of the atmosphere, thus leading to increased radiative forcing. The use of hydrogen in air transportation involves special technologies. Higher-volume tanks are required to store hydrogen fuel due to the four times lower energy density of hydrogen compared to aviation kerosene. Consequently, a modification in aircraft design is required. Another problem is the physical condition in which the hydrogen is stored and the need to meet special safety requirements. Additionally, it is necessary to develop airport infrastructure that allows for the refueling of this type of fuel. One method that makes it possible to demonstrate the impact of aviation on the environment, including greenhouse gas emissions, is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This method includes an analysis of all life stages from production through operation to disposal. According to the literature review, hydrogen is a fuel that can make a significant contribution to reducing pollution. The current disadvantage of this fuel is its high cost, but with advancing hydrogen technology, it's estimated to decrease.
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